Solenoid valve

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WHAT IS A SOLENOID VALVE? STRUCTURE - CLASSIFICATION AND OPERATION PRINCIPLES OF SOLENOID VALVE

If you work in the engineering industry, you've probably heard about solenoid valves a few times, right? Everyone knows that the solenoid valve has the function of opening and closing the valve electrically. But what is its internal structure and operating principle? How many types of solenoid valves are there? How are each different, and can they be used interchangeably? Let's answer the above questions with Amazen through the article below!

1. What is a solenoid valve?

- Solenoid valve with the English name "Solenoid Valve", also known as reversing valve, is a type of valve used to open or close, regulate the flow of liquid or compressed air paths and can adjust the direction of the gas. compressed. The valve uses 24V, 220V AC or DC power sources.
- This device has the ability to effectively control liquid or gas flows based on the principle of obstruction and preventing opening and closing due to the force coming from the electromagnetic coil. When the solenoid valve is activated, that is, provided with a suitable power source, a magnetic field will be created that causes force to appear on the inner piston of the wire, at which point the piston will begin to move.
- The solenoid valve has a quick opening and closing mechanism, stable operation, low energy consumption and compact size. In industrial systems, they play the role of opening, mixing and dividing fluid flows in pipes.
- Solenoid valves are applied in many fields, from liquid environments such as water, oil, chemicals to gas and steam environments.
- The most common solenoid valve is two-port: one in and one out. In addition, they also have three ports: one input and two output ports. The three-port form is often used in fluid flow separation systems.

- Solenoid valves are made of different materials such as: Stainless steel, cast iron, steel, copper... So they are highly durable, can withstand high temperatures and high pressure. The valve has a fast opening and closing mode, stable operation, and consumes little energy. Therefore, solenoid valves are favored and applied in water, petroleum, chemical, gas and steam systems...

2. Structure of solenoid valve

The valve has a fairly simple structure consisting of the following parts:

- Valve Body: Usually made from copper or cast iron materials used for water, steam, compressed air or can be plastic or stainless steel when used for environments such as high temperature heat. , corrosive chemicals
- Plunger (Piston): is the part that directly helps the valve close or open, made from stainless steel materials.
- Valve spring: The spring is made from stainless steel, has good elasticity, helps push the valve shaft up and down to open and close the valve. The spring of the solenoid valve is usually made of about 8-10 bar
- Coil (valve electric coil): Is the main part that helps create the magnetic field for the valve. The valve's electric coil is wound from copper wire using a common power source such as 24V, 110V or 220V.

- Fluid: liquid (water, oil) or gas (compressed air, gas,...)
- Empty tube shaft (when there is no fluid passing through)
- Outer cover of the suction coil (Used to protect the electric coil)
- Magnetic coil - coil (This magnetic coil will generate magnetism to create suction force)
- Power cord (can use voltage 220V, 24V, 110V)
- Sealing valve shaft (in normal state, spring 8 will act to seal, keeping the valve in a normally closed state)
- The gap the fluid passes through when the valve is opened
3. Operating principle of solenoid valve
There are two types of solenoid valves: normally closed solenoid valves and normally open solenoid valves. Let's find out together the following operating principles:
- For normally closed (NC) solenoid valves: When power is not supplied, the valve is always in the "closed" state. When power is supplied to the valve, the solenoid coil creates a magnetic field that attracts the piston, creating a gap that allows fluid or gas to pass through the valve, and this force creates the phenomenon of opening the valve. When the power supply is stopped, the valve will Returns to its original position thanks to the elastic force of the spring.
- For normally open solenoid valves (NO): When power is not supplied, the valve is always in the open state. When powered, the electric coil generates a magnetic field that helps the piston move down and block the flow of fluid or gas. To return to the original position, we just need to disconnect the power source and the valve will automatically return to its original open state.

4. Classification of solenoid valves

Solenoid Valve is a device commonly used in industrial applications and common civil systems. That is why this type of valve is also manufactured and designed in many different forms to meet the needs of use. People will divide solenoid valves based on many criteria, such as function, operation, voltage or manufacturing materials.
Classified by function
If classified by function, Solenoid Valve will be divided into two types: normally closed (NC - normally closed) or normally open (NO - normally open). Details about these two types of valves are as follows:
- Normally open solenoid valve - NO: normally open solenoid valve will have a state where the valve is always open if there has not been any impact or power supplied. At this time, the liquid flow will continuously move through the valve in a stable and quick manner. In case the flow is stopped and is no longer allowed to pass through the valve, the user simply needs to supply current with the corresponding voltage.
- Normally closed solenoid valve - NC: In contrast to the NO valve, the NC valve is a normally closed solenoid valve, characterized by a state where the valve is always closed if no current is supplied, at this time the flow is not allowed to move. pass through the valve. When there is a need to open the valve, you need to provide an electric current with a corresponding voltage to create a magnetic force to open the valve. When the valve is opened, the flow will quickly stabilize through the valve, helping the system operate effectively. When you want the valve to return to its normal closed state, the user only needs to disconnect the power supply and the valve will automatically close.
Classified by material
- Copper solenoid valve: copper material - one of the extremely excellent and safe heat conductors. Copper has good anti-corrosion properties, which is why it limits rust and leakage during use. That is why this type of valve is also prioritized for use in the market, responding well to different environments such as steam, compressed air, water,...

- Solenoid valve made of stainless steel: Stainless steel solenoid valve will often be widely used in oil systems, wastewater or weak acid environments, etc. This type of valve can be made from many different stainless steel materials, such as such as stainless steel 201, 304, 316 to suit many different needs. At the same time, this type of valve is also designed with many sizes, making it the perfect choice for most pipe sizes of many fields and factories.

- Solenoid valve made of plastic: Solenoid valve made of plastic material will be used a lot in environments outside the air because it is very resistant to corrosion. That is why it is prioritized for use in strong chemical environments such as wastewater treatment plants, detergent, dyeing, printing industries, food and beverage processing plants, etc. Commonly used plastics Used as uPVC plastic (wear-resistant, flexible, fire-resistant) or cPVC plastic (odorless, tasteless, non-toxic).

Classified by mounting type
The mounting type of the valve is also an important factor that needs to be considered carefully to be able to choose the right valve for the pipeline. If you use a valve with an inappropriate mounting style, it cannot be used and installed. Currently, solenoid valves are divided into two types:
- Threaded, screwed solenoid valve: This type of valve is designed with many different sizes to suit many needs. Commonly used valve sizes are phi 21 solenoid valve, phi 27 solenoid valve, phi 34 solenoid valve, phi 42 solenoid valve, phi 49 solenoid valve, phi 60 solenoid valve... Outstanding characteristics The advantage that users often choose threaded, screw-in solenoid valves is the convenience and simplicity during installation and disassembly.
- Flange solenoid valve: Flange solenoid valve is a type of valve with a flange connection, usually used mainly for pipes with sizes from DN50 to DN500. This type of valve is widely used in farm systems, swimming pools or golf course irrigation systems,...
Classified by voltage
- 220V solenoid valve: Systems, machines or lines that are operating and are operated by AC electricity will prioritize the use of solenoid valves with a voltage of 220V. This is also the voltage level commonly used in our country. Widely used in most activities from daily life, common production to agricultural and industrial systems.
- 110V solenoid valve: used in small-scale systems, using low power or can be used well in the laboratory to ensure safety, so this type is not available in Vietnam. too popular
- 24V solenoid valve: this type is safe because it uses unidirectional current to effectively control the process of opening and closing the valve, avoiding risks and negative impacts for users and other people. people around
- 12V solenoid valve: Similar to the 110V solenoid valve, the 12V valve is not commonly produced on the market and its applicability is also lower than other voltages. However, to be able to meet most needs and serve systems that require special voltages, manufacturers still support the supply of this type of solenoid valve with a full range of sizes. different sizes

5. Advantages and disadvantages of solenoid valves

Advantage
- Designed with compact size, simple valve structure, easy to install, convenient for disassembly, maintenance and repair
- Designed with many different designs, sizes, and materials to be widely applied in most industrial systems and machines to daily life.
- Solenoid valves have high precision, long-term durability and good resistance to impacts or other impact factors.
- The cost of use is quite cheap and at many different prices, it can be applied from daily living systems to large-scale industrial projects.
- The valve has quick opening and closing times, responding well to complex systems that require high speed
- Can be controlled remotely, no direct intervention required
- The power consumption of solenoid valves is also low, helping to save costs effectively
- Diversity of AC and DC voltage levels
- Most of the materials used in manufacturing meet standards, are durable, highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, and adapt well to many environments.
Defect
- The solenoid coil is a very easily damaged part so it must be constantly checked and replaced
- Solenoid water discharge valves are not as durable as other types of valves, such as valves using electric motors or pumps.
- The valve will not be kept energized for a long time because when the magnetic force is generated, it will increase the risk of fire, explosion, and electric shock.
- The valve cannot ensure uniformity of flow through the valve. Specifically, the flow before passing through the valve will often be larger than after moving through
- The valve can only work well at the right temperature
- The valve can be easily damaged if it is clogged with too much dirt and residue, so users need to regularly maintain and clean it.
- The solenoid valve will be sensitive to changes or fluctuations in voltage
- The magnetic field emitted during valve operation can affect nearby equipment

6. Points to note when installing solenoid valves

- Before installation, make sure the valve has not been damaged during transportation
- Use in media lubricated with 40μm filter element. Accurately determine flow direction and inlet size
- Pay attention to whether the installation conditions comply with the technical requirements (such as voltage frequency, data set operating frequency, working pressure range and range of application temperature) , then the device can be installed and used
- Pay attention to the air flow direction during installation, P: is the air intake, A (B) is the working port and R (S) is the air outlet
- Take measures to avoid vibration and freezing
- Before using fittings and hoses make sure they are clean. When connecting accessories, use threaded tape to seal the system
- To avoid dust, use filters for the exhaust ports. When installing, pay attention to the dust filter at the air inlet
- After installation, it is necessary to run a test and check carefully before putting it into use

7. Application of solenoid valve

- Applied in food, beverage, pharmaceutical factories or petroleum and compressed air factories
- Used in factories producing fertilizers and pesticides
- Used in domestic water supply systems, irrigation, or livestock systems to help improve production line scale and work quality
- Used in hydroelectric plants, pump systems, transmission systems for gas stations, power plants...
- Applied in mineral and coal mining areas, or even present in areas related to seafood
- Used in firefighting and fire protection systems for buildings, urban areas, residential areas or industrial zones

8. Top solenoid valve brands to use

Brand TPC
- The solenoid valve coil (energy coil - suction coil) is molded, limiting short circuits
- Helps the valve to be immersed in electricity for many hours
- Sturdy construction and materials
- Durable, beautiful molded coil
- Valve life span is up to 4 – 5 years
It is these outstanding characteristics that make TPC Solenoid Valves trusted and favored by consumers around the world in general and in Vietnam in particular.
Refer to TPC solenoid valve at good prices at: https://amazen.com.vn/van-dien-tu/tpc.html

Parker brand
- Compact design, very sturdy and easy to use and install.
- The valve body is made from high-quality materials such as brass and stainless steel, so the Parker solenoid valve is very sturdy, ensuring high durability.
- Dimensions and parameters are printed directly on the valve body or electric coil for easy monitoring and use.
- Made in Korea

For details, please refer to: Thiết bị tự động hóa Amazen

Brand Autosigma
Characteristics of Autosigma waterproof solenoid valve
- Waterproof standard - IP68, coil can be immersed in water
- Easy to disassemble design, convenient for maintenance
- Working pressure: 0.03 ~ 1.0 MPa
- Can be used for Water, Oil, Gas
- Diverse coil voltages: AC220V, AC110V, DC24V, DC12V
- Working temperature: 0 ~ 60 degrees Celsius
- Diverse valve sizes: Thread connection from 1/4" to 2"; 10K flange connection from 20A to 50A

Buy genuine Autosigma solenoid valves at: https://amazen.com.vn/van-dien-tu/autosigma.html
Van điện từ Autosigma

YPC brand
- Compact design, light weight, easy to install and operate
- Low power consumption
- Fast reaction time
- Meet quality standards
- YPC brand (made in Korea)
Buy solenoid valves at good prices - reputable quality at: https://amazen.com.vn/van-dien-tu/ypc.html

Epilogue
In case you need to learn, need technical advice and order a Solenoid Valve, please contact Amazen immediately via:
Hotline: 0934 399 068 - Sales: 0938 072 058
Email: amazen@amazen.com.vn
With a team of highly specialized technical support and sales consultants, our company is confident that it will bring customers the best purchasing experience.
Amazen commits that all inverter products we currently provide are genuine, 100% new, quality guaranteed and with complete accompanying certification documents.